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Ananas: Controindicazioni e Bibliografia

A cura della Dott.ssa Rita Fabbri


Controindicazioni, avvertenze speciali ed opportune precauzioni d'uso, effetti indesiderati

Per l'Ananas, non abbiamo studi clinici condotti su donne in gravidanza ed in allattamento;  in questi casi è quindi opportuno informare il medico prima di assumere prodotti che la contengono. I preparati a base di Ananas sono controindicati nei soggetti con ulcera peptica e nei pazienti in terapia anticoagulante (59). La Bromelina può aumentare l'assorbimento di tetracicline e amoxicillina:

  • In uno studio in doppio cieco effettuato su 127 pazienti, la Bromelina ha significativamente aumentato i livelli sierici di amoxicillina rispetto al gruppo di controllo trattato con amoxicillina e placebo. Inoltre, nel gruppo a Bromelina si sono riscontrati livelli tissutali di amoxicillina significativamente maggiori (47).

Risultati similari sia per l'amoxicillina che per le tetracicline, sono stati riportati in uno studio controllato con placebo effettuato su 54 pazienti trattati con Bromelina (46).
Sebbene non siano noti effetti collaterali significativi, potrebbero verificarsi reazioni allergiche in individui sensibili oppure esposti per ragioni professionali (60-61). Altre possibili reazioni, anche se non confermate, comprendono nausea, vomito, diarrea, metrorragia e menorragia (62).


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Bibliografia

  1. AA.VV.: PDR - Integratori nutrizionali, CEC, Milano, 2003-
  2. Pedretti M.: Chimica e farmacologica delle piante medicinali, Studio Edizioni, Milano, 1990.
  3. Harrach T, Eckert K, Schulze-Forster K, Nuck R, Grunow D, Maurer HR. Isolation and partial characterization of basic proteinases from stem Bromelain. Journal of Protein Chemistry 1995; 14:41-52.
  4. Napper AD, Bennett SP, Borowski M, Holdridge MB, Leonard MJ, Rogers EE, Duan Y, Laursen RA, Reinhold B, Shames SL. Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139. Purification and characterization of multiple forms of the pineapple-stem-derived cysteine proteinases ananain and comosain. Biochemical Journal 1994; 301:727-35.
  5. Leung A: Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980, pp.74-76.
  6. Bruneton J. Pharmacognosie et phytochimie plantes medicinales. Ed. Lavoisier, Paris, 1993.
  7. Sannia A. Formulario pratico di fitoterapia. Ed. Tecniche nuove, Milano, 1994.
  8. Gutfreund A, Taussing S, and Morris A: Effect of oral Bromelain on blood pressure and heart rate of hypertensive patients. Hawaii Med J 37, 451-457, 1979.
  9. Miller J and Opher A: The increased proteolytic activity of  human blood serum after oral administration of Bromelain. Exp Med Surg 22, 277-280, 1964.
  10.  Izaka K, Yamada M, Kawano T, and Suyama T: Gastrointestinal absorption and anti-inflammatory effect of Bromelain. Jpn J Pharmacol 22, 519-534, 1972.
  11.  Seifert J, Ganser R, and Brendel W: Absorption of a proteolytic enzyme of plant origin from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood and lymph of adult rats. Z. Gastroenterol 17, 1-18, 1979.
  12.  Taussig S, et al.: Bromelain , a proteolytic enzyme and its clinical application. A review. Hiroshima J Med Sci 24, 185-193, 1975.
  13.  Taussig S and Batkin S: Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol  22, 191-203, 1988.
  14.  Balakrishnan V, Hareendran A, and Nair C: Double-blind cross-over trial of an enzyme preparation in pancreatic steatorrhoea. J Assoc Phys Ind 29, 207-209, 1981.
  15.  Ako H, Cheung A, and Matsura P: Isolation of a fibrinolysis enzyme activator from commercial Bromelain. Arch Int Pharmacodyn 254, 157-167, 1981.
  16.  Taussig S: The mechanism of the physiological action of Bromelain. Med Hypothesis 6, 99-104, 1980.
  17.  Pirotta F and de Giuli-Morghen C: Bromelain a deeper pharmacological study. Note I. Anti-inflammatory and serum fibrinolytic activity after oral administration in the rat. Drugs Exp Clin Res 4, 1-20, 1978.
  18.  de Giuli-Morghen and Pirotta F: Bromelain a deeper pharmacological study . Note II. Interaction with some protease inhibitors and rabbit specific antiserum. Drugs Exp Clin Res 4, 21-37, 1978.
  19.  Felton G: Does kinin released by pineapple stem Bromelain stimulate production of prostaglandin E1-like compounds? Hawaii Med J activity after oral administration in the rat. Drugs Exp Clin Res 4, 1-20, 1978.
  20.  Katori M, et al: A possible role of prostaglandins and bradykinin as a trigger of exudation in carrageenan-induced rat pleurisy. Agents Actions 8, 108-112, 1978.
  21.  Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001 Aug;58(9):1234-45.
  22.  Cohen A and Goldman J: Bromelain therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Pennsyl Med J 67, 27-30, June 1964.
  23. Brien S, Lewith G, Walcher AF, Middleton R, Prescott P, Bundy R. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomizet placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM. 2006 Dec; 99(12):841-50.
  24.  Tassman G, Zafran J, and Zayon G: Evaluation of a plant proteolytic enzyme for the control of inflammation and pain. J Dent Med 19, 73-77, 1974.
  25.  Tassman G, Zafran J, and Zayon G: A double-blind crossover study of a plant proteolytic enzyme in oral surgery. J Dent Med 20, 51-54,1965.
  26.  Howat R and Lewis G: The effect of Bromelain therapy on episiotomy wounds-a double blind controlled clinical trial. J Obstet Gynecol Br Common 79, 951-953, 1972.
  27.  Zatuchni G and Colombi D: Bromelain therapy for the prevention of episiotomy pain. Obstet Gynecol 29, 275-278, 1967.
  28.  Seltzer A.P.A. double-blind study of Bromelains in the treatment of edema and ecchymoses following surgical and nonsurgical trauma to the face. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1964 Oct; 43:54-7.
  29.  Blonstein J: Control of swelling in boxing injuries. Practitioner 203, 206, 1960.
  30.  Buford TW, Cooke MB, Reed LL, Hudson GM, Shelmadine BD, Willoughby DS. Protease Supplementation Improves Muscle Function after Eccentric Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009: 41(10);1908-1914.
  31.  Rimoldi R, Ginesu F, and Giura R. The use of Bromelain in pneumological therapy. Drugs Exp Clin Res 4, 55-66, 1978.
  32.  Secor ER, Carson WF, Singh A, Pensa M, Guernsey LA, Schramm CM, Thrall RS. Oral Bromelain Attenuates Inflammation in an Ovalbumin-induced Murine Model of Asthma. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Mar; 5(1):61-9.
  33.  Braun JM et al. Therapeutic use, efficiency and safety of the proteolytic pineapple enzyme Bromelain-POS in children with acute sinusitis in Germany. In Vivo. 2005 Mar-Apr; 19(2):417-21.
  34.  Seligman B: Bromelain: An anti-inflammatory agent. Angiology 13, 508-510, 1962.
  35.  Felton G: Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic action of Bromelain may eliminate thrombosis in heart patients. Med Hypothesis 6, 1123-1133, 1980.
  36. Seligman B: Oral Bromelains as adjuncts in the treatment of acute thrombophlebitis. Angiology 20, 22-26, 1969.
  37.  Taussig S and Nieper H: Bromelain: Its use in prevention and treatment of cardio vascular disease: Present status. J Int Assoc Med 6 , 139-151, 1979.
  38.  Durant JH and Waibel PP: Prevention of hematoma in surgery of varices. Praxis 61, 950-951, 1972.
  39.  Hunter RG, Henry GW, and Henicke RM: The action of papaine and Bromelain on the uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 73, 867-880, 1957.
  40.  Nieper HA: Bromelain in der kontrolle malignen Washstums. Krebsgeschehen 1, 9-15,1976.
  41.  Lotz-Winter H. On the pharmacology of bromelaine: an update with special regard to animal studies on dose dependent effects. Planta Med. 56, 249-253, 1990
  42.  Gerard G: Therapeutique anti-cancreuse et Bromelaines. Agressologie 3, 261-274, 1976.
  43.  Taussig SJ, Szekerczes J, and Batkin S: Inibition of tumour growth in vitro by Bromelain , an extract of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). Planta Med 52, 538-539, 1985.
  44.  Maurer HR, et al: Bromelain induces the differentiation of leukemic cells in vitro: An explanation for its cytostatic effects? Planta Medica 54, 377-381, 1988.
  45.  Neubauer R: A plant protease for the potentiation of and possible replacement of antibiotics. Exp Med Urg 19, 143-160, 1961.
  46.  Luerti M and Vignali M: Influence of Bromelain on penetration of antibiotics in uterus, salpinx and ovary. Drugs Exp Clin Res 4 45-48, 1978.
  47.  Tinozzi S and Venegoni A: Effect of Bromelain on serum and tissue levels of amoxicillin. Drugs Exp Clin Res 4 39-44, 1978.
  48.  Umberto Nardi, La cellulite: identificazione e terapie. Tecniche Nuove, 2001
  49.  Tuttocure. Le risorse terapeutiche della medicina ufficiale, di tutte le medicine naturali, dell'alimentazione curativa. Red Edizioni - 2007
  50. Salva la silhouette (Salute naturale - Dicembre 2005 n.80)
  51.  Rowan AD, Christopher CW, Kelley SF, Buttle DJ, Ehrlich HP. Debridement of experimental full-thickness skin burns of rats with enzyme fractions derived from pineapple stem. Burns 1990; 16:243-6.
  52.  Masson M.: “Bromelain in blunt injuries of the locomotor system. A study of observed application in general practice”, Fortscher Med. 1995; 113:303-306.
  53.  Rosenberg L, Lapid O, Bogdanov-Berezovsky A, Glesinger R, Krieger Y, Silberstein E, Sagi A,  Judkins K, Singer AJ. Safety and efficacy of a proteolytic enzyme for enzymatic burn debridement: a preliminary report. Burns. 2004 Dec; 30(8):843-50.
  54.  Gelmetti C, Rigoni C et al: Pityryasis lichenoides in children: a long term follow-up of eighty-nine cases, J Am Acad Dermatol 23(3pt),473-8, 1990.
  55.  Romani J, Puig L et al: Pityriasis Lichenoides in Children: Cliniconpathologic Review of 22 cases, Pediatric Dermatology 15(1),1-6, 1998.
  56.  Massimiliano R, Pietro R, Paolo S, Sara P, Michele F. Role of Bromelain in the treatment of patients with pityriasis lichenoides chronica. J Dermatolog Treat. 2007; 18(4):219-22.
  57.  Juhasz B, et al.: Bromelain induces cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury through Akt/FOXO pathway in rat myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Mar; 294(3):H1365-70.
  58.  Sulla origine dell' autismo di Pierluigi Fortini - Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara; 2009.
  59.  Harris JE. Interaction of dietary facotrs with oral anticoagulants: review and applications. J Am Dietet Assoc. 1995; 95:580-584.
  60.  Baur X: Studies on the specificity of human IgE-antibodies to the plant proteases papain and Bromelain. Clin Allergy 9, 451-457, 1979.
  61.  Baur X and Fruhman G: Allergic reaction, including asthma, to the pineapple protease Bromelain following occupational exposure. Clin Allergy 9, 443-450, 1979.
  62. Ananase (Rorer). In: Physicians Desk Reference. Medical Economics Company, Oradell NJ, 1982, p.1645.

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Foto professionistaPersonal Trainer: DR.Giovanni Cassiani

Clenbuterolo informazioni: Marco c e un equivoco, io non contestavo il tuo scritto, contestavo quello di Alessio che ha puntualizzato che il Clenbuterolo non è un anabolizzante e invece è classificato come tale. Ovvio che ha un ruolo triplice , mantiene massa , effetto termogenico, effetto sulla forza

 
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